What is special about the modal verbs?

 They are special because they behave differently from other verbs in English:

English modal verbs are used together with the base form of another verb.

Examples:

 "He might come late."

 "You may leave if you wish."

 "We must finish this on time."

English modal verbs have only one form. You don't add "-ing", "-ed" or "-s" to them.

"We must go now."

"They said we could park here."

"She can help us."

To form questions use the modal verb itself, but change the order.

 "He can fix the car tomorrow."

"Can he fix the car tomorrow?"

 "We should start packing our things."

"Should we start packing our things?"

 "She will be ten years old next month."

"Will she be ten years old next month?"

To form negative sentences use the modal verb itself and add "not" or "n't" to it.

 "He can run fast enough."

"He can't run fast enough."

 "She could lift a feather."

"She could not lift a feather."

 "I thought he would come."

"I thought he wouldn't come."

How and when do we use each of the English modal verbs?

Uses of "can" (negative: cannot, can't)

To talk about what you are able to do

 "He is so strong! He can lift that car!"

 "She can't come before four o'clock."

"Can he teach?"

To talk about a general possibility

 "The weather here can get really bad."

 "These chairs can be folded."

 "Such things can happen."

To say that something is allowed

 "He can borrow my book if he needs it."

 "You can't smoke in here".

 "You can pay with a credit card."

To make a request

 (this is is an informal use, "may" is the formal version)

 "Can you help me with my homework?"

 "Can you make some tea?"

 "Can you come here, please?"

Uses of "could" (negative: could not, couldn't)

As the past form of "can"

 "He said he couldn't come so early."

 "I couldn't remember who he was."

 "They couldn't pass the border."

To make a polite request

 "Could you open the window, please?"

 "Could you turn up the heat?"

 "Could you remind him to call?"

To show possibility ("may" and "might" are stronger)

 "She could be with her parents."

 "It could take you months to find a new place."

 "He could still win, but it's not very likely."

Uses of "may" (negative: may not)

To show possibility (it is slightly stronger than "might")

 "What he said may be true."

 "It may rain."

 "You may win the race."

To request or give permission

 (this is a formal use, "can" is the informal version)

 "You may sit down."

 "May I speak?"

 "He may not use the car."

Uses of "might" (negative: might not)

As a past from of "may"

 "The weatherman said it might rain."

 "She mentioned that she might come."

 "We agreed that it might be dangerous."

To show possibility (it is slightly weaker than "may")

 "He might pass the exam, but I wouldn't count on it."

 "We might fail, but let's not think about it."

 "I might visit on Saturday."

Uses of "must" (negative: must not, mustn't)

To show that you have to do something, for example because it is very important or because it is a rule

 "You must stop the car when the traffic light turns red."

 "You must pay your taxes."

 "She must stop drinking if she wants to keep her job."

 "I must go now, otherwise I will miss my train."

"Must not" (or "mustn't") is used to show you are not allowed to do something

 "You mustn't steal."

 "He mustn't talk to his parents like that."

 "The fruit of this bush must not be eaten because it is toxic."

To show that something is very logical or very likely to be true

 "He left at noon, so he must be there already."

 "She is not stupid, so she must have known what she was doing!"

 "They must be really rich to live in such a house."

Uses of "ought to" (negative: ought not to)

To say what is the right thing to do ("should" is the more common word)

 "In her condition, she ought to quit smoking."

 "I believe you ought to apologize."

 "He was watching TV when he ought to have been studying."

Uses of "shall" (short form: 'll, negative: shall not, shan't)

Used with "I" and "we" to talk about the future (especially in formal British English)

 "I shall leave tomorrow morning."

 "I'll never forget you."

 "We shall overcome."

 "I shan't be late again."

Used with "I" and "we" to ask questions or make suggestions

 "Shall I close the door?"

 "What shall we do tonight?"

 "Let's start, shall we?"

Uses of "should" (negative: should not, shouldn't)

To say what is the right thing to do

 "You should be helping your mother."

 "If he doesn't like the job, he should tell it to his boss."

 "If you knew you were going to be so late, you should have called."

To give advice or ask for advice

 "You should try the new restaurant down the street."

 "What should I do? Should I tell him the truth?"

 "Should I try to take the exam again?"

To show that something is likely to be true or that it is expected

 "Let's return home, dinner should be ready by now."

 "We should arrive there by twelve o'clock."

 "I should get an e-mail from him soon."

Uses of "would" (short form: 'd, negative: would not, wouldn't)

As the past form of "will" in reported speech

 "I will handle it myself." --> "He said he would handle it himself."

 "I won't be late." --> "He said he wouldn't be late."

 "She'll change her mind in the end." --> "He said she'd change her mind in the end."

To talk about an imagined situation

 "What would you do if you were a millionaire?"

 "I wish he'd take a break."

 "I would have cleaned the house, but I was too tired."

To make a polite request

 "Would you mind closing the window?"

 "Would you get me the paper, please?"

 "Would someone please answer the phone?"

To invite someone, or offer something, politely

 "Would you like a drink?"

 "We are going for a walk, would you like to join us?"

 "Would you like to meet her?"

To say that you want something or want to do something

I would like = a polite way of saying, "I want."

I would hate = a polite way of saying, "I don't want."

I would rather = a polite way of saying, "I prefer."

 "I would like a cup of coffee, please."

 "I would hate to miss this opportunity."

 "We'd rather study with you."

 - "Would you like to come with us?"

 -" I'd love to, but I can't."

Конструкции used to, to be used to

used to do smth./ used to be – Раньше…

поэтому не нужно пользоваться наречием "earlier"! Это неправильно и является дословным переводом с русского языка на английский.
He used to get up at 7. – Раньше он вставал в 7 часов.
Did he use to get up at 7? – Он раньше вставал в 7 часов?
He didn’t use to get up at 7. – Раньше он не вставал в 7 часов.

Эта конструкция используется для того, чтобы обозначить действие, которое выполнялось в прошлом, но больше не выполняется в настоящем, т.е. неактуально. Самый оптимальный вариант перевода такой конструкции на русский язык – это с помощью слова «раньше». После конструкции used to глагол стоит в начальной форме, к нему не прибавляются никакие окончания! Конструкцию used to можно заменить глаголом would:

used to = would

He would get up at 7. – Раньше он вставал в 7 часов.

Но при этом стоит помнить, что после глагола would не употребляются статичные глаголы, то есть те, которые обозначают состояние. Самые наглядные глаголы этой категории – это be, like, work. Иными словами, старайтесь употреблять would (если Вам не нравится выражение used to) только с глаголами движения или изменения состояния.

would (=used to) + be, live, work

Не путайте конструкцию used to с to be used to! Они имеют отличия как по смыслу, так и по грамматическому согласованию. Конструкция to be used to переводится на русский язык как «быть привычным к». После нее идет либо существительное, либо глагол с окончанием –ing. Кроме того, в этой конструкции перед used to ставится am/is/are.


He is used to the climate of England. – Он привычен к климату Англии.

He is used to living in the climate of England. – Он привычен жить в климате Англии.

«Быть привычным к чему-либо» и «привыкнуть к чему-либо» - это разные вещи в английском языке! «Привыкнуть» выражается конструкцией get used to.

You will get used to the climate of England. – Ты привыкнешь к климату Англии.

You will get used to living in the climate of England. – Ты привыкнешь жить в климате Англии.

Итак, подводим итоги. С used to у нас имеется 3 конструкции.Раньше... Быть привычным к... Привыкнуть к...
used to (=would) do smth./ used to be am/is/are used to something/ doing something get used to something/doing something

http://www.tolearnenglish.com/exercises/exercise-english-2/exercise-english-26509.php

Сравнение оборотов used to / be used to / get used to
Образование used to / be used to / get used to

Образование used to см. Оборот Used to.

Обороты be used to и get used to требуют после себя существительного или герундия:
I am used to this noise. -Я привык к этому шуму.
Will he get used to going to this school? -Он привыкнет ходить в эту школу?
Употребление used to / be used to / get used to

Used to используется при описании событий, которые регулярно происходили в прошлом, а потом прекратились: либо на время, либо насовсем (см. Оборот Used to).

Обороты be used to и get used to употребляются для выражения действий, ставших привычными:
I am used to waking up at 10 every day. – Я привык каждый день вставать в десять.
I was used to going to the dacha in summer. – Я привык ездить летом на дачу.
I had got used to doing morning exercises before having breakfast. – Делать зарядку по утрам стало для меня привычкой.
You've got to get used to it. — Придется тебе к этому привыкнуть.
Over time, he'll get used to it. — Со временем он к этому привыкнет.

Сравнительные предложения:
I used to play with Kate. – Раньше я играл с Катей. (а теперь больше с ней не играю)
I am used to playing with Kate./I get used to playing with Kate. – Я привык играть с Катей. (и теперь играю)

Между be used to и get used to есть небольшая разница:
be used to используется для описания чего-то обычного, привычного, не кажущегося нам странным.

get used to / be getting used to используется для описания процесса привыкания к чему-то, что казалось странным, а теперь постепенно не кажется.
I am used to waking up at 10 every day. – Я привык каждый день вставать в десять. (всегда вставал в это время, это для меня нормально)
I am getting used to waking up at 10 every day. – Я постепенно привыкаю каждый день вставать в десять. (раньше так не делал, а теперь привыкаю и постепенно это становится нормальным)

I get / am getting used to living with my wife. Я привык / постепенно привыкаю к семейной жизни.

get used to - это своего рода промежуточный этап на пути к be used to
I found Polish food very strange at first but I was getting used to it and now I’m used to it.
По началу польская кухня казалась мне странной, потом постепенно я привыкал к ней и теперь такое питание кажется мне обычным.

Quite/rather

QUITE                                                                                                 

Means less than 'very' but more than 'a little' :          

 -  The film was quite good but the book was much better.

-  She is quite attractive, but not what I'd call gorgeous.

-  She lives quite near me, so we can see each other quite often.

-  I quite like reading but it is not my favourite pastime.

 Quite a :  goes before  a  /  an

- He is quite a good soccer player ( not  a quite  good soccer player)

RATHER -is similar to quite. We use rather mainly with negative words and negative ideas :

-   He is limping rather badly

- 'What was the examination like ? ''Rather difficult , I am afraid.'

  I was quite pleased with the hotel but she was rather disappointed.

When we use rather with positive words it means 'unusually' or 'surprisingly' :

-  These pears are rather nice ( nicer than expected ) where did you buy them ?   

QUITE also means 'completely' and NOT QUITE not completely :         

-  He  has quite recovered from his illness  

 -  They have not quite finished their lunch yet

Especially with a number of adjectives :

 sure, certain, right, wrong, true, safe, clear, different, incredible,  extraordinary,  amazing,  impossible,  unnecessary, obvious

-  I am sorry .It is quite impossible, I can't come !

-  Are you sure ? Yes, quite sure

http://www.tolearnenglish.com/exercises/exercise-english-2/exercise-english-42128.php

 Pаботa над словообразованием
1 Строим систему
Постарайтесь упорядочить работу над словообразованием. Нарисуйте таблицу, в которую вы будете выписывать лексические единицы по частям речи. Вы можете заполнять таблицу постепенно по мере изучения новых слов. Предложите учащимся создать такую же таблицу в своих тетрадях для записи слов, или вести ее в электронном виде.

Примерная таблица может выглядеть следующим образом:
noun                    verb    adjective               adverb
information         inform   informative
importance                     important     
                                     unimportant
importantly
research
researcher
research
creation
creator                      
creativity          create      creative              creatively


2 Распознаем слово
Работа с таблицей поможет определить основные суффиксы, которые обычно используются для образования той или иной части речи, а также значение, которое эти суффиксы придают слову.

Например, суффикс -able/-ible образует прилагательные со значением возможности выполнения какого-либо действия или обладания определенным качеством.

Например:
Comfort – comfortable
Response – responsible

В то же время от многих прилагательных, которые оканчиваются на суффикс -able/-ible образуются существительные при помощи суффикса -ity
Responsible – responsibility

От существительных, оканчивающихся на суффикс -tion обычно образуется прилагательное при помощи суффикса -al.
Constitution – constitutional

Признаки, по которым можно определить часть речи Суффиксы и окончания

• существительных, обозначающих предметы, явления, процессы и состояния: -ment, -ity, -ness, -tion, -hood
• существительных, обозначающих вид деятельности, род занятий и профессии людей: -er, -or, -ist
• прилагательных: -able/-ible, -ous, -al, -ed/-ing, -ful/-less, -ic, -ive
• наречий: -ly

Глаголы, как правило, являются самыми короткими словами и редко образуется при помощи суффиксов, это связано с тем, что глаголы изменяются по временам, лицам и числам.

Если два слова имеют одинаковую форму, то эти слова обычно являются существительным и глаголом.
Например:

Water – to water

Answer – to answer

Appeal – to appeal

Reply – to reply

3 Решаем задачу с поиском неизвестного

Существительные

Существительные обозначают людей, предметы, места.

В предложениях существительные выступают в роли подлежащего и стоят перед глаголом, или дополнения и стоят после глагола.

Примеры расположения существительных в предложениях:

После артикля (a/an/the __________)
He inherited a fortune from her uncle.

После прилагательного (adjective ________)
These shoes cost a small fortune.

После притяжательного местоимения или существительного в притяжательном падеже (my/your/his/her/their/our/Tom’s _________)
He was a wealthy printer making his fortune from printing cards.

После глагола have (have __________)
They believe they have fortune for the coming twelve months.

Перед глаголом (_________ verb)
Fortune favours the brave.

После предлога of (of ________)
He was a soldier of fortune who fought for many countries.

Глаголы

Глаголы обозначают действия, чувства, эмоции и состояния.

Глаголы, как правило, не бывают первым словом в предложении (исключения составляют вопросительные предложения и предложения в повелительном наклонении).

В каждом предложении обязательно должен быть, по крайней мере, один глагол.

Примеры расположения глаголов в предложениях:

После подлежащего (Subject _______)
Last year the company created 100 new jobs.

После наречия выражающего частоту выполнения действия (often/always/never _______)
She is full of great ideas and often creates someting interesting.

После модальных глаголов (can/could/should/might/must _______)
The closed road can create traffic problems.

После вспомогательных глаголов в отрицательной форме (didn’t/don’t _______)
Don’t create a new account every time you visit the site.

После частицы to (to _______)
I wanted to create a good impression.

Прилагательные

Прилагательные употребляются для описания существительных

Прилагательные отвечают на вопрос «какой?» (What kind of person/place/thing?).

Примеры расположения прилагательных в предложениях:

После глагола to be (am/are/is/was/were _________)
He was fortunate in his career.

Перед существительным (_________ noun)
He is a very creative designer.

После наречия very (very ________)
You are very fortunate to have such a supportive family.

После наречий (adverb ________)
She was extremely fortunate to escape without an injury.

Между артиклем и существительным (a/an/the ________ noun)
Photography is a creative process.

Наречия

Наречия описывают глаголы или прилагательные.

Наречия отвечают вопросы «Как?», «Каким образом?» (How?)

Примеры расположения прилагательных в предложениях:

В начале предложения, в качестве вводного слова; обычно выделяется запятой (________, )
Fortunately, we got back before it started to rain.

Перед глаголом (_______ verb)
He predictably failed the exam.

После глагола (verb _______)
Think creatively about your product before writing about it.

После наречия very (very _______)
The house is decorated very creatively.

Перед прилагательным (________ adjective)
I found the film incredibly dull.

Confusing Words Grammar Vocabulary

  Very, Too and Enough

Very

Use very before adjectives, adverbs or -ing words. Very is neutral - it is not positive or negative. It makes the word that comes after it stronger.

"Wayne is a very funny man."

"I had a very busy day at work."

Too

Too is used before adjectives and adverbs. Too is negative; we use it too mean there is more or less than we need/want. Too can be used with infinitive + to after the adjective/adverb.Use for + someone/something to explain who/what we mean.

"It's too noisy in here. Let's go outside." (too + adjective)

 "My soup is too hot to drink." (too + adjective + to + infinitive)

"This is too difficult for me to understand." (too + adjective + for someone/something)

Enough

Use enough before a noun but after an adjective or adverb. We can use for someone/something and an infinitive with enough and to. Enough is positive - it means that we have as much as we want.

"I have enough money to pay."

 "There's enough food for everyone to eat." (enough + noun + for + someone/something + to)

Task 1: Complete the sentences using very, too and enough.

Task 2: Write your own example sentences using the these forms. Use the example sentences above to help you:

too + adjective + to + infinitive

too + adjective + for someone/something

enough + noun + for + someone/something + to

Link: Noun and Adjective Forms

1 - The food at this cafe is ___ good.( very, too, enough)

2 - You are ___ young to live by yourself. Wait until you are older. ( very, too, enough)

3 - Do you have ___ money? .( very, too, enough)

4 - This pie is ___ tasty. Can I have some more? ( very, too, enough)

5 - You are not speaking clearly ___ . I can't understand you. ( very, too, enough)

6 - There is more than ___ room for everyone to sit down. ( very, too, enough)

7 - She's ___ short to reach the top shelf. ( very, too, enough)

8 - The information in the report is ___ interesting. ( very, too, enough)

9 - There are ___ books for everyone to have one. ( very, too, enough)

10 - The rent is ___ expensive for me to live here. ( very, too, enough)

Confusing Words Grammar Vocabulary

How to use Enough?

Poor,Okay,Good,Great,Awesome.

How to use ‘enough’ with adjectives and nouns.

I have £10 and I want to buy this car:

Unfortunately this car costs £100,000

I don’t have enough money. The car is very expensive and I will never be rich enough to buy it.

Look at the sentence above, it uses enough in two different ways. Can you see them? What is different about the way we use enough?

There are two examples in the sentence. Let’s look at them separately:

1. "I don’t have enough money."

Money is a noun, so it comes after enough.

2. "I will never be rich enough."

Rich is an adjective so it comes before enough.

Let’s look at the two rules:

1. Enough + noun e.g. "There is not enough food for everybody, go and buy some more."

 2. Adjective + enough e.g. "He is not tall enough to play basketball."

Remember! Adjective- before,  noun -after.

Complete the sentences with enough/not enough or not ___ enough and words from the box.

Fast, big, time, hot, beds ,water

1. He wants to be a sumo wrestler but he's .

2. I am so busy! I want to sit and watch T.V but I just don't have .

3. He tried to win the race but he came third, he wasn't

4. This bath is freezing! The water is

5. You will have to sleep on the floor there are

6. There is  to make a cup of tea! What is wrong with the pipes?

 

Изменения в структуре говорения ЕГЭ

Watch the following, It will help you to correct your mistakes

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yMZVaLcVAiQ&feature=youtu.be


1. Mary saw that movie. Her sister saw it ________________.
too
either
neither

2. I don't like ________________ one of those options.
neither
either
too

3. He didn't say anything, and ________________ did I.
either
too
neither

4. He didn't say anything, and I didn't ________________.
neither
either
too

5. ________________ Bob nor his sister is going to the conference.
Neither
Either
Too

6. Pass me ________________ one of those pens.
neither
either
too

7. Her father likes to travel, and she does ________________.
either
neither
too

8. You don't like fish? I don't (like fish) ________________.
neither
either
too

9. PERSON 1: Which one do you like? PERSON 2: I don't like ________________ (one).
either
neither
too

10. PERSON 1: I hate broccoli! PERSON 2: I hate broccoli ________________.
either
too
neither

For vs. Since

Knowing when to use FOR and when to use SINCE is important. Therefore it is useful to look at a summary of the contrast between FOR and SINCE. FOR to mention a specific period (or duration) of time. SINCE to mention the starting point of a period of time (continues to now).
I have been a doctor for fifteen years. (duration = 15 years) I have been a doctor since 1992. (starting point = 1994)
She has been a mother for six months. She has been pregnant since her first child was born.
My sister has lived in Frankfurt for nine months. My sister has lived in Frankfurt since the beginning of March.



Both For and Since are most commonly used with the perfect tense - we don't use these expressions in the present tense. Correct Incorrect
I have learnt Russian for three years. I learn Russian for three years.
They have taught geography since last year. They teach geography since last year.
He has owned his dog since his cat died. He owns his dog since his cat dies.



While we can use For in the simple past tense we can't use Since in the simple past tense. Since can only be used in the perfect tense.Correct Incorrect
She went to Japan for three years. She went to Japan since 2003.
I studied in New Zealand for one month. I studied in New Zealand since one month.
He walked his dog for four hours. He walked his cat since four hours.



It should be remembered that both For and Since have other meanings in English that are not associated with time.
This is for you.
Is this the train for London?
Since you asked, I'll say yes.
Since he didn't study he didn't pass the exam.

The use of SINCE

Since gives the starting point of actions, events or states. It refers to when things began.

Since + a point in time (in the past), until now.
I've been waiting since 7 o'clock.
I have known him since January.

With since we use the present perfect tense or the past perfect tense.
I have been here since 5 o'clock and I am getting tired.
I had been working since 5 o'clock and I was getting tired.

Since can also be used in the structure It has been + period of time + since.
It has been two months since I last saw her.
It has been three years since the last earthquake.


For vs. Since

Knowing when to use FOR and when to use SINCE is important. Therefore it is useful to look at a summary of the contrast between FOR and SINCE. FOR to mention a specific period (or duration) of time. SINCE to mention the starting point of a period of time (continues to now).
I have been a doctor for fifteen years. (duration = 15 years) I have been a doctor since 1992. (starting point = 1994)
She has been a mother for six months. She has been pregnant since her first child was born.
My sister has lived in Frankfurt for nine months. My sister has lived in Frankfurt since the beginning of March.



Both For and Since are most commonly used with the perfect tense - we don't use these expressions in the present tense. Correct Incorrect
I have learnt Russian for three years. I learn Russian for three years.
They have taught geography since last year. They teach geography since last year.
He has owned his dog since his cat died. He owns his dog since his cat dies.



While we can use For in the simple past tense we can't use Since in the simple past tense. Since can only be used in the perfect tense.Correct Incorrect
She went to Japan for three years. She went to Japan since 2003.
I studied in New Zealand for one month. I studied in New Zealand since one month.
He walked his dog for four hours. He walked his cat since four hours.



It should be remembered that both For and Since have other meanings in English that are not associated with time.
This is for you.
Is this the train for London?
Since you asked, I'll say yes.
Since he didn't study he didn't pass the exam.

It 'll help you a lot!!!

The use of FOR

We use For when we measure the duration – when we say how long something lasts.

For + a period of time
To measure a period of time up to the present, we use the present perfect tense and not the present tense.
I have known her for a long time. (Correct)
I know her for a long time. (Incorrect)
I have lived here for ten years. (Correct)
I live here for ten years. (Incorrect)

The present tense with For refers to a period of time that extends into the future.
How long are you here for? (Until when)
How long have you been here for? (Since when)

In reality, we can use all verb tenses with For. Uses of For
Example sentence Verb Tense
They exercise for two hours every day. Present tense
They are exercising for three hours today. Present continuous
He has lived in Moscow for a long time. Present perfect
He has been living in Turin for three months. Present perfect continuous
I worked at the service station for five years. Past tense
He will be in hospital for at least a week. Future tense


However, we don't use For with expressions such as all day or all the time.

Infinitive or -ing?

Sometimes we need to decide whether to use a verb in its:
-ing form (doing, singing)

or

infinitive form (to do, to sing).

For example, only one of the following sentences is correct. Which one?
I dislike working late. (???)
I dislike to work late. (???)
When to use the infinitive

The infinitive form is used after certain verbs:
- forget, help, learn, teach, train
- choose, expect, hope, need, offer, want, would like
- agree, encourage, pretend, promise
- allow, can/can't afford, decide, manage, mean, refuse

I forgot to close the window.
Mary needs to leave early.
Why are they encouraged to learn English?
We can't afford to take a long holiday.

The infinitive form is always used after adjectives, for example:
- disappointed, glad, happy, pleased, relieved, sad, surprised
I was happy to help them.
She will be delighted to see you.

This includes too + adjective:
The water was too cold to swim in.
Is your coffee too hot to drink?

The infinitive form is used after adjective + enough:
He was strong enough to lift it.
She is rich enough to buy two.
When to use -ing

The -ing form is used when the word is the subject of a sentence or clause:
Swimming is good exercise.
Doctors say that smoking is bad for you.

The -ing form is used after a preposition:
I look forward to meeting you.
They left without saying "Goodbye."

The -ing form is used after certain verbs:
- avoid, dislike, enjoy, finish, give up, mind/not mind, practise
I dislike getting up early.
Would you mind opening the window?

Infinitive or -ing

1 We like... our grandmother on Sundays. (visit)

2 I might want... your Science notes.(borrow)
3 My father hates     a tie to work. (wear)
4 We can't afford ...a vacation this summer.(take)
5 The company was pleased ...your thank-you letter. (receive)
6 Would you mind ...a window? (open)
7 My suitcase is light enough ...this time. (carry)
8 She cannot leave the table without... her dinner. ( finish)
9.The music will continue ...until you turn it off.(play)
10 My little brother dislikes ...his hair brushed.(have)

do

You do an exam. But there are no easy rules to follow. We always use do to describe indefinite activities, often with what, thing, anything, nothing, etc and generally speaking we also use do to talk about duties, jobs or (leisure) activities. Look at the following examples:
'What shall we do now?' 'You can do what you like. I'm going home!'

'He didn't do anything. He just sat there.'

'You expect me to do everything around the house. Well, I'm fed up!'

'I did all my homework last night so tonight I'm going to do the housework.'

'I did a lot of research and I think I did a good job on that essay. I did my best anyway.'

'I intend to do lots of walking on holiday this year, and perhaps some bird-watching too.



make

We tend to use make when we are talking about constructing, creating or performing something. Study the following examples:
'I made three suggestions and left it to him to make the final decision.'

'I've made all the arrangements for the trip and I've made a great effort to get it all right.'

'I'm afraid I'm going to have to make my excuses and leave.'

'I have to make three phone calls.'

 how to use the verbs to make and to do
http://www.ecenglish.com/learnenglish/lessons/do-or-make-which-one-household-chores

These two verbs originally mean CONSTRUCT and ACT, but they sometimes change from this meaning. You will need to learn each idiomatic usage.


To see an excellent explanation, visit the ESL BLUE(s) Grammar Site

1. Drink that glass of milk - it will you good.
2. My sister will anyone a good wife. She is so very gentle and sweet.
3. Could you please me a favour?
4. When we haven't worked all term, we have to up for lost time just before the exams.
5. We have to make up our minds to what is right.
6. Madam, will this jacket for your husband? I think he can it .
7. They can't out what we are trying to . They are very confused.
8. You can't use of that any more - it's for.
9. At the very end of the term tests, you have to the most of the time you have left.
10. They a big mistake in business with the company that went bankrupt.
11. It's very difficult to students their work properly.
12. I'm afraid this is the best I can for you.
13. This is not very good, but you'll have to it .
14. I could with more students like you!
15. your best! me proud of you!

New grammar:
Prefer and Would Rather



You can use "prefer to (do)" or "prefer -ing" to say what you prefer in general:

• I don't like cities. I prefer to live in the country OR I prefer livingin the country.

Study the differences in structure after prefer. We say:
I prefer something to something else.
I prefer to do something rather than (do) something else.
I prefer doing something to doing something else.

• I prefer this coat to the coat you were wearing yesterday.
• I prefer driving to traveling by train.
but • I prefer to drive rather than travel by train.
• Ann prefers to live in the country rather than (live) in a city.
Would prefer (I'd prefer...)

We use "would prefer" to say what somebody wants in a particular situation (not in general):

• "Would you prefer tea or coffee" "Coffee, please."

We say "would prefer to do" (not "doing"):

• "Shall we go by train?" "Well, I'd prefer to go by car. (not "I'd prefer going")
• I'd prefer to stay at home tonight rather than go to the cinema.
Would rather (I'd rather...)

Would rather (do) = would prefer (to do). After would rather we use the infinitive without to.

Compare:• "Shall we go by train?" "I'd prefer to go by car."
"I'd rather go by car. (not to go)


• "Would you rather have tea or coffee" "Coffee, please."

The negative is "I'd rather not (do something)":
• I'm tired. I'd rather not go out this evening, if you don't mind.
• "Do you want to go out this evening" "I'd rather not."

Study the structure after would rather:I'd rather do something than (do) something else.


• I'd rather stay at home tonight than go to the cinema.
I'd rather you did something

When you want somebody to do something, you can say "I'd rather you did something":

• "Shall I stay here?" "I'd rather you came with us."
• "Shall I tell them the news?" "No. I'd rather they didn't know."
• "Shall I tell them or would you rather they didn't know?"

In this structure we use the past (came, did etc.), but the meaning is present or future, not past.
Compare:

• I'd rather cook the dinner now.

but • I'd rather you cooked the dinner now. (not "I'd rather you cook")

The negative is "I'd rather you didn't...":
• I'd rather you didn't tell anyone what I said.
• "Do you mind if I smoke?" "I'd rather you didn't."

Watch and do the task

http://www.tolearnenglish.com/exercises/exercise-english-2/exercise-english-43957.php

Fill in the blanks with Present Perfect or Perfect Progressive Tenses


1. Those children ---- (eat) chocolate all day. That's why they feel sick!


2. Your phone looks old, how long ---- (have) it for?


3. They ---- (live) in New York for 3 years before they ---- (move) to Seattle three months ago.


4. Debi ---- (study) for four hours when her father arrives.


5. By this time next year, I ---- (finish) the course and I ---- (start) to speak perfect English.


You are here: >> Home >> Verb Tenses Practice >> Simple Perfect vs Perfect Progressive Tenses
6. Sam ---- (drive) for six hours when he arrived in the village. He ---- (drive) more than 300 miles.


7. They ---- (work) for two hours by the time the manager arrives at six today.


8. By the time you received this letter yesterday, Dina ---- (leave) for Algeria.


9. When we meet again next week, I ---- (practice) tennis for at least a month .


10. She ---- (recover) her surgery by the time we visit her next Saturday.

 It is intresting to know, Hope it w'll be usefull :http://www.azargrammar.com/assets/intermediate/FEGiGrammarSpeaks/chapter4/feg_ca_04_006.swf

http://www.grammarbank.com/verb-tenses-worksheet.html

Grammar Review
Propositions of Locftion and Direction
Watch and enjoy:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EaXTyFtQx9o

 The topic is prepositions of location and direction. The list of prepositions is long, so this is meant to be a review and not an introduction.

Possble benifts and dangers.

"Ouch, That Hurts!"
Fear is probably the number-one reason many of us avoid taking risks. For athletes in extreme sports, conquering fear is part of the adventure of sport.

When a skateboarder is practicing tricks on a 15-foot ramp (commonly called a half-pipe), or a mountain biker is flying down a rock-strewn single track trail, and he makes a mistake and falls -- well, it's going to hurt a little. Okay, maybe a lot.

But the athletes I spoke to didn't complain about injuries; in fact, most have enjoyed relatively injury-free experiences in their sports. Brian Krause, a competitive skydiver for the U.S. Army's Golden Knights, has taken thousands of jumps out of airplanes without so much as a sprained ankle.

But Matt Donovan, a pro downhill mountain bike racer from Massachusetts, said that when he first got serious about racing, his season was "very injury-laden. I had two concussions, a separated shoulder, a broken hand, multiple cuts, and lacerations. And I cracked a rib."

Yes, extreme sports can often lead to extreme injuries. Boys get injured more often than girls, and inline skaters get injured the most. The most common injuries in alternative sports are broken bones, strains, sprains, serious bruising, and facial cuts. But studies show that nearly 75 percent of all people who get injured participating in extreme sports incurred their injuries because they wore NO protective gear at all!

Just make it completely clear to your kids that safety, not fashion, comes first when they're out doing their thing.

use the following:http://www.tolearnenglish.com/exercises/exercise-english-2/exercise-english-78723.php

Do some test ? use the following :http://www.tolearnenglish.com/exercises/exercise-english-2/exercise-english-5409.php 

Although / in spite of / despite

After although we use a subject + verb:

• Although it rained a lot, we enjoyed our holiday.
• I didn't get the job although I had all the necessary qualifications.

Compare the meaning of although and because:
• We went out although it was raining.
• We didn't go out because it was raining.

After in spite of or despite, we use a noun, a pronoun (this/that/what etc.) or -ing:
• In spite of the rain, we enjoyed our holiday.

• I didn't get the job in spite of having all the necessary qualifications.
• She wasn't well, but in spite of this she went to work.

• In spite of what I said yesterday, I still love you.

Despite is the same as in spite of. Note that we say 'in spite of, but despite (without 'of'):
• She wasn't well, but despite this she went to work, (not 'despite of this')

You can say 'in spite of the fact (that)...' and 'despite the fact (that)...':

I didn’t get the job in spite of the fact that I had all the necessary qualifications
I didn’t get the job despite the fact (that) I had all the necessary qualifications.

Compare in spite of and because of:

• We went out in spite of the rain, (or ...despite the rain.)

• We didn't go out because of the rain.

Compare although and in spite of / despite:

• Although the traffic was bad. I arrived on time. (not in spite of the traffic was bad)

In spite of the traffic, I arrived on time. (not in spite of the traffic was bad)

I couldn’t sleep although I was very tired (not despite I was tired)

I couldn’t sleep despite being very tired (not despite I was tired)

For each sentence, choose the best word or phrase to complete the gap from the choices below.

1.Ben's so unpredictable. There's __________ what he might do next.

A  no idea B  no chance to know C  no knowing D  nothing like

2.The book was great. It was ____________ what I expected.

A  nothing at all B  nothing like C  never again D not true

3.It's a fabulous museum. It's ____________ visiting.

A  really worth B heaven for C  an idea for D suitably impressive

4.I was ____________________ that Andrew was the boss, not his secretary!

A  of a mind B  under the impression C of the opinion D under the circumstances

5.Two weeks on a beach in the sun. That's __________ a holiday.

A my way of B  my idea of C  for me D  what I expect on

6. don't think I can go with you today. I'm really __________ time at the moment.

A  demanding B  in need of C  pushed for D  hurried

7.You really should __________________ about the state of your flat. It's disgusting.

A  buy something now B  get something done C  have a thing D find what's

8.We took the ferry to France. Sally has _____________ flying. She just won't do it!

A  doubts about B  ideas about C  a difficulty with D  a thing about

9.It never __________ mind to ask if she needed help. I was sure she could manage.

A  imagined B  crossed my C  thought about D  occurred to my

10.Don't worry. I'll be back _______________ it.

A  before long B  before or after C  before you can say D  before you know

New test

  New Test

Вопрос B3

A. In 55 BC the great Roman Julius Caesar brought an army across the sea from France. For four hundred years, England was part of the Roman Empire. When the Romans first arrived, there were many different groups of people on the Isles. Each group had its own king. They didn’t think of themselves as ‘British’, but the Romans called the people from all these groups ‘'Britons’'.

B. In 409 AD the Roman army left Britain to fight in other parts of the Empire. Soon after this, invaders from present-day Germany and Denmark, the Angles and Saxons, came to Britain. Their armies destroyed everything in their path, and the roman way of life disappeared from Britain. Many Britons moved west to escape the invaders. By the 7th century, groups of Britons were in control of present-day Scotland, Wales and Cornwall, but the Angles and Saxons ruled the rest of Britain. People started call this area ‘Angle-land’. Later its name became England.

C. It was 1066, and Edward, King of England, was dead. He had no children. The most important people in the country met to choose a new king. They chose Harold who wasn’t a blood relative of King Edward, but he was the Queen’s brother. He was a popular man for the job.

D. But other powerful men wanted to be king too. One of them was the King of Norway, Harold Hardrada, a few months after King Edward’s death his army invaded the north of England. King Harold of England went north, defeated the invaders and killed King Harold of Norway. But three days later, there was more bad news.

 E. William of Normandy (in the north of France) was on the south coast of England with an army. "Before King Edward died, he chose me as the next king," he said. Perhaps this was true. Edward’s mother was a Norman and Edward lived in Normandy as a child. He preferred Normans to the people of England. So Harold raced south with his army. William was waiting for him at Hastings. At the end of the battle, Harold was dead and William of Normandy was William the Conqueror, King of England.

F. William the Conqueror had to fight other Saxon armies in England after Harold was defeated. But then he was able to build a new, Norman England. By 1068, he owned all the land. He asked his Norman friends to look after it for him. They made money from the farmland and paid some of it to the king. They also used the money to pay for Norman soldiers. Each Norman lord built a home with strong, high walls and lived there with his private army. The Saxons owned nothing. They belonged to the Norman lords.

G. For more than two hundred years the language of government and literature was the Normans’ language, French. The Saxons continued to speak their own language, Anglo-Saxon, with some Scandinavian words. The Saxons' language finally grew into modern English, but as a result of the Norman invasion, half the words in today’s English language come from French.

 Установите соответствие между заголовками 1-8 и текстами A-G. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

A new name

Victory over another rival

The long arms of the empire

Powerful masters

Strong ties

Survived and enriched

Triumphant winner

test yourself

Test yourselves.It will help you:http://ege.yandex.ru/english/

Устная часть

Устная часть экзаменационной работы состоит из двух заданий по говорению: тематическое монологическое высказывание (максимум 6 баллов)  и комбинированный диалог (максимум 9 баллов).

Время устного ответа – 6 минут на одного учащегося.

Время на подготовку устного ответа – 10 минут (в отдельной аудитории).

Помните, за это время вы должны подготовить и монолог и диалог. Некоторые ученики так увлекаются подготовкой монологического высказывания, что не успевают толком прочесть и понять задание диалога. Поэтому не следует писать полный ответ во время подготовки, только пункты ответа, наброски. Лист с вашими набросками вы можете взять с собой в аудиторию для ответа, но не читать все написанное при ответе.

В аудитории для ответа сначала вам зададут 1-2 вопроса, которые не оцениваются, это делается для проверки записывающей аппаратуры и для снятия напряжения (break the ice).

В начале ответа вам нужно четко произнести в микрофон вашу фамилию, имя, отчество, номер школы (на русском языке). Затем вы произносите монолог. Помните, экзаменатор будет слушать вас, не прерывая, поэтому важно отработать заранее, чтобы монолог длился не более 1,5 – 2 минут, иначе вам не хватит времени на диалог. Закончив монолог, можно сказать: I have finished (That’s all) и экзаменатор задаст вам несколько вопросов.

После ответа на вопросы (минимум два, если все пункты заданной темы вы осветили в своем высказывании), вы переходите к заданному диалогу с экзаменатором.

Экзаменатор играет роль вашего партнера по общению, в карточке задании четко указано, какую роль играет экзаменатор (одноклассник, продавец, администратор…), от этого зависит выбор лексического материала для ведения диалога, стиль речи.

В задании четко указано, кто начинает диалог – это вы, поэтому не ждите, что экзаменатор поможет вам с началом диалога, а начинайте, не теряя времени.

Вам нужно осветить все аспекты, указанные в задании и правильно закончить диалог. Диалог должен длиться не более 2-3 минут, если общее время, отведенное на устную часть (6 минут)  закончится, экзаменатор прервет вас.

 В конце ответа вам нужно назвать свою фамилию, имя, отчество и сказать, что вы закончили ответ (на английском языке), например: Petrov Ivan Sergeevich has finished his answer.

tests

http://ege.yandex.ru/english/

http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/grammar/learnit/learnitv59.shtml
confusing words

Пример диалога-расспроса

С3.Student Card

Task 2 (2–3 minutes)

You want to find a summer job. Your parents allow you to work only in the morning or daytime.

There are two vacancies for teenagers at the international hotel. The hotel needs an English-speaking

assistant on the reception and a junior babysitter.

Ask the hotel manager about

? the assistant’s responsibilities

? the junior babysitter’s responsibilities

? the working hours

You start the conversation. The examiner will play the part of the hotel manager.

Remember to:

? be active and polite

? ask questions and find out all the information you need

? decide which job you are going to apply for

Пример диалога-расспроса, выполненного учащимся и оцененного в 6 баллов

Student: Good morning!

Interlocutor: Morning! What can I do for you?

Student: …Eh… I would like a part-time job at the hotel. I know that you have vacancies for teenagers. Have you got any job for teenagers?

Interlocutor: Yes, we’ve got two vacancies for teenagers: an assistant at the reception and a junior babysitter.

Student: I see. And what are the assistant’s responsibilities?

Interlocutor: Well, the assistant at the reception receives telephone calls and answers the guests’ questions.

Student: What are the working hours of the assistant?

Interlocutor: The assistant works from 6pm to 10pm.

Student: Not very good. And what about junior babysitter? What are his responsibilities and working hours?

Interlocutor: The babysitter plays with children and draws pictures to them. The babysitter works: from 10 am to 2 pm.

Student: Hm … Well, I can work only in the morning and afternoon. So let it be junior babysitter.