Finacial Literacy

задание на 15 января 2026

Christmas Budget Case Study

Task: Your family is planning a special New Year celebration and you have been given the responsibility to manage the budget for this event. The total amount available for spending on the holiday is 5000 Rub. However, there are several important expenses that need to be covered before you can think about fun activities or gifts.

Expenses include:

Food & Drinks (150 rub.)

Decide what type of food will be served at your party. Will it be traditional Russian dishes like olivier salad and pelmeni, or something more international?

Decorations (80 rub.)

How many decorations do you want to buy? Think about lights, garlands, tree ornaments, etc.

Gifts (150 rub.)

Who in your family should receive presents? What types of gifts would they enjoy most?

Entertainment (100 rub.)

Do you plan any entertainment such as music, games, or even hiring an entertainer? Consider different options here!

Miscellaneous Expenses (200 rub.)

There might be other small costs associated with organizing the event. Be sure not to forget these details!

Your Task:Create a detailed budget plan showing how much money will go towards each category mentioned above. Ensure that everything adds up exactly to 5000 rub without going over budget. Write short explanations for why you've chosen certain items within each category.

Example Table Format:

Category                    Amount Allocated                       Reasoning

Food & Drinks

Decorations               

Gifts               

Entertainment                       

                       

Total    500 rub

18.12.25

Ask 5 questions.

Once upon a time in a small town lived two sisters named Anna and Lena. Anna was older and smarter than her little sister who always looked up to her big sis for guidance and wisdom. One day while playing together at home, Lena asked curiously, “Anna, what are these colorful papers that Mommy gives you sometimes?”

Anna smiled gently and replied, “Those are called money, sweetie.” She then decided it would be fun to teach her younger sibling about the different types of currency they had learned about in school.

“Money comes in many forms,” she began enthusiastically. “There’s cash which includes bills like dollars or rubles, coins such as pennies or kopecks, and even digital money stored on cards or phones.”

Lena listened attentively with wide eyes full of wonderment before asking another question, “But why do people need them if we can just bake cookies instead?” This made both girls giggle heartily until Anna explained further.

“You see, back when humans first started trading goods long ago, there wasn’t any official way to measure value between items exchanged. So someone came up with an idea—let's use something everyone agrees has worth! That became known as 'commodity money,' where things like gold were used because everybody knew how valuable those shiny rocks really were."

She continued excitedly, holding up some play coins from their toy chest, saying, “These days though, most countries have switched over to using paper notes printed by governments themselves rather than relying solely on precious metals anymore."

Finally wrapping up this mini lesson, Anna concluded cheerfully, “And last but not least, there's electronic payment systems too now available everywhere thanks to technology advancements!"

With understanding dawning across her face, Lena nodded happily knowing exactly what all these strange-sounding words meant after hearing everything clearly laid out so simply yet effectively by none other than her beloved elder sister herself!

 

11.12.25

Main Properties of Money:
Exchange of Goods and Services. For example, buying a pastry for 50 rubles—you give the seller money, and he gives you a tasty pastry.
Measuring the Cost of Products. You know that one bun costs 30 rubles, and a packet of milk costs 80 rubles. That's because prices are set in rubles (or another currency).
Storing Wealth. When parents put their salary into a card or keep some cash at home, they're preserving the value of their labor.
Now let's take a closer look at the different forms modern money comes in.
Forms of Modern Money
Today's money exists primarily in two basic forms:
Cash Money: Coins and paper bills. This is what's in your wallet or pocket. Bought a book for 200 rubles in cash—handed over the paper, got the product.
Non-cash Money: Electronic records in banks. Imagine your savings not sitting in a piggy bank, but stored electronically in Sberbank or Tinkoff Bank. It's these types of funds most adults use daily: paying utility bills online, purchasing movie tickets via card, even ordering food delivery straight to your doorstep.
But here's where it gets interesting… There are many tools out there that work almost like real money but differ slightly. Let's explore some examples in detail.
Money Equivalents 🧐
Sometimes it's easier to use certain tools that behave nearly identically to actual money but come with unique features:
Debit Cards and Checking Accounts: Think of virtual wallets and counters of your balance. These funds exist digitally within the bank, yet you can withdraw them from an ATM or make purchases at stores with just a swipe. Example: Dad bought Mom a gift using his Sberbank card.
Savings Accounts: Similar to checking accounts, but often hold larger sums meant for saving. Sometimes these accounts earn interest, meaning the amount grows thanks to the bank. Grandma deposited her pension here, waiting until she accumulates enough money.
Traveler's Cheques: People used to carry these during trips so they wouldn't bring too much cash. Nowadays, they're rarely used since cards became more practical. A travel cheque looks like regular paper which could be exchanged for money practically anywhere globally. In the past, grandpa took traveler's cheques whenever he went on vacation.
Electronic Payment Systems: Qiwi, Webmoney, YooMoney—services allowing storage of money online and making payments instantly. Say mom wants to order a dress from China via AliExpress. She'll pay using an electronic wallet, transferring money to the seller with just a couple clicks.

26.11.25

06.11.25

 Fill in the missing words.

It is important for parents to … their children about … early in life. Financial … includes understanding basic concepts such as saving, …, and investing. Children should … the difference between … and needs, and how to set … goals. One useful method is giving children …, which introduces them to the concept of … . Parents can encourage their children to …part of their … money for larger purchases. Teaching children responsible habits regarding … prepares them for … , ensuring they develop strong …  skills. Additionally, involving children in family discussions about … helps to understand topics related to income, expenses, and investments. Through practical experiences, children … valuable knowledge that will benefit them throughout their lives.

16.10.25

02.10.25

learn the words and expessions

Adults believe it is important to teach children how to handle money because money plays a significant role in our daily lives. Here are the reasons why adults want children to learn proper financial management:

▌ 1. Understanding the Value of Money

Children need to understand where money comes from and what it's used for. This helps them appreciate the importance of work and effort required to earn money.

▌ 2. Developing Financial Literacy

Financial literacy includes knowledge about saving, spending wisely, and budget planning. These skills will benefit children when they grow up and manage their finances independently.

▌ 3. Building Responsibility

Learning to handle money creates a sense of responsibility. Children learn to make decisions and take responsibility for  their financial actions.

▌ 4. Preparing for Future Independence

Knowledge of basic money management prepares children for independent living. They can better cope with life's challenges and avoid financial difficulties.

▌ 5. Creating Good Habits

Early education on responsible money handling forms beneficial habits such as saving, investing, and wise spending. These habits stay with children throughout their lives.

24.09.25

 Fill in  the missing words: wants,income,expenses ,budget, money,needs (2), savings.

Think of your 1 as a way to keep track of your 2. Here’s an easy breakdown:

1. 3: The money you receive from allowance, work, or gifts.

2. 4: Things you spend money on, divided into two types:

   - 5: Essential items like food, clothing, books.

   - 6: Fun stuff like video games, treats, movies.

Here’s what you should do:

- Write down how much money you get and where it goes.

- Always pay for your 7 before anything else.

- Save some money every time you get paid. This will help you buy bigger things later.

Borrowing money isn’t bad, but don’t do it too much. Borrowing means you’ll have to give back even more money later. So, stick to 8 and planning ahead 

 03/09/25

▌ How Teens Think About Money

Kids usually start learning about money during their teen years. It's new to them, so different things affect how they think about it—like what their parents teach them, what friends say, and stuff they see online.

▌ What Do They Buy?

Many teens buy things right away because they want something now. They might spend money quickly on clothes, gadgets, movies, food, and other fun stuff. But some teens try really hard to be smart with their money, saving up for big dreams like college or trips.

▌ Why Save?

The amount saved depends on how much extra money they have after buying essentials. If you're richer, you'll probably save more easily. Some clever teens work small jobs to make extra money, which teaches them good saving habits.

▌ Making Money

Most teens believe in working hard to succeed. Many dream of doing cool jobs that let them express creativity while making enough money to live well. Others choose safer paths because they worry less about risks.

▌ Friends and Ads Matter Too!

Friends play a huge role in deciding what to buy. When everyone else buys fancy things, teens feel pressured to do the same. Plus, ads everywhere push luxurious lifestyles, making kids think having lots of money will solve all problems.

▌ Final Thoughts

All together, today's teens care more about enjoying life than owning expensive stuff. Yet they're still worried about their future, feeling unsure about what's next. Learning good money habits early helps them handle money wisely, giving them confidence for whatever happens next.

10.09.25

  

Speak about the way you manage your pocket money, using the following expressions:

to help to  fulfill wishes and dreams

to manage money

to save a small amount

 to buy everything right away

to teach to plan ahead

to have a piggy bank

 to go towards bigger purchases

to buy gifts for loved ones.

 to learn to appreciate the value of things

to understand the effort parents put into earning money

to teach to be responsible

 to teach somebody responsibility